The book begins with a comprehensive overview of the prehistory and proto-history of Kerala. Prof. Raju traces the social evolution of Kerala from ancient times, drawing on archaeology and modern genetic studies to shed light on the early inhabitants and human migrations that shaped the region. Notably, the book presents a new and significant insight into the earliest people of Kerala.

The work further explores the historical forces and cultural dynamics that led to the rapid spread of Buddhism in Kerala. Prof. Raju vividly portrays the society that emerged under Buddhist influence and describes the flourishing culture and refined civilization that developed during this transformative period.